JUDICIAL MILESTONES
Highlighted Milestones
Colorado Territory Created
1861
Colorado Territory Created
Professor of History at University of Denver, Dr. Susan Schulten, speaks about the creation of the Colorado Territory
Colorado Territory Created
Colorado Territory created by Congress out of Territories of Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico and Utah, including the Continental Divide potential gold-bearing area, as South secedes from the Union.
(February 28, 1861, 12 Stat. 172).
Map of the western United States, 1857 (image courtesy of Greg Hobbs)
1866
Mining Act
Mining Act
Mining Act allows states and territories to create use rights in waters of the public domain and allows ditch and reservoir construction on land owned by the United States.
(July 26, 1866, 14 Stat. 253).
Gold miners use water jets in Russell Gulch, Gilpin County, ca. 1860- 1870 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection)
1867
Territorial Suffrage Act
Text about suffrage in Colorado from Rocky Mountain News Weekly Feb. 14, 1866 (Denver Public Library, BCL Collection)
Territorial Suffrage Act
Territorial Suffrage Act by Congress eliminates race, color, or previous condition of servitude as disqualifying conditions for voting by men in Colorado and other western territories. Passed in large measure due to advocacy by African-Americans in Colorado, the law allowed black men to vote in the Territories three years before ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment.
(January 10, 1867, Stat. 381-82).
Frederick Douglass, a former slave and abolitionist leader, ca 1879 (National Archives, ARC ID: 558770)
Harper's Weekly cover drawing of the first African American vote, Nov 16, 1867 (Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-31598)
1867
Cheyenne and Arapaho Relocated
Cheyenne and Arapaho Relocated
Cheyenne and Arapaho relocated by Treaty from eastern Colorado to Indian Territory in future Oklahoma.
(October 28, 1867, proclaimed by President Andrew Johnson, August 19, 1868, 15 Stat. 593).
Arapaho Camp (Art Source International, George Karakehian - Boulder, Colorado)
1876
State of Colorado Admitted to Union
State of Colorado Admitted to Union
State of Colorado admitted to Union by Congress on equal footing with all other states, with right to have its own Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branches of government.
(Enabling Act of Congress, March 3, 1875, 18 Stat. 474).
Colorado wears virginal white in an allegorical painting celebrating 1876 statehood (History Colorado, 20020092)
1891
Colorado Court of Appeals
Courtroom in the Colorado State Capitol Building where the Court of Appeals heard oral argument until 1977 (History Colorado, 10028161)
Colorado Court of Appeals
Colorado Court of Appeals established by Colorado Legislature.
(April 6, 1891, 1891 Colo. Sess. Laws p. 118, Senate Bill 98) (disestablished and re-established several times later).
Denver, 1894 (History Colorado, William Henry Jackson Collection, 10028071)
1891
Forest Reserve Act
White River National Forest (Colorado State Forest Service)
Forest Reserve Act
Forest Reserve Act passed by Congress. Soon thereafter, President Benjamin Harrison creates 2-million acre White River Reserve, second in the nation and first in Colorado.
(26 Stat. 1103, approved March 3, 1891).
Bridal Veil Falls, 1893 (Denver Public Library, William Henry Jackson Collection, WHJ-1882)
People pose near tents, probably in Larimer County 1894 (Denver Public Library Western History Collection, Z-7642)
1893
Women’s Right to Vote
A Harper's Weekly photo of men and women voting in Denver, 1894 (History Colorado, 1004147)
Women’s Right to Vote
Women's right to vote established by Colorado voters.
(April 7, 1893 Submitted to Voters by General Assembly, 1893 Colo. Sess. Laws 256; Colo. Const., Art. VII).
Mrs. MacDonald Patterson, President of the Equal Suffrage Association (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H-76)
A pro-suffrage cartoon from the Denver Republican, November 5, 1893. (History Colorado, 10026789)
1922
Colorado River Compact Negotiated
State Engineer Dick Wolfe and Colorado Supreme Court Justice Gregory Hobbs speak to "Colorado State of Mind" host Cynthia Hessin about river compacts
Colorado River Compact Negotiated
First compact negotiated by seven Colorado River Basin States, subsequently approved by those State Legislatures and Congress under Compact Clause of U.S. Constitution, apportioning water among them. Eight more compacts Colorado signed followed: La Plata River Compact, South Platte River Compact, Rio Grande River Compact, Republican River Compact, Upper Colorado River Compact, Arkansas River Compact, Amended Costilla Creek Compact, Animas-La Plata Project Compact.
37-61-101 C.R.S. (November 24, 1922).
Map showing how CO water flows to 18 downstream states and Mexico (Courtesy the Colorado Foundation for Water Education)
1951
Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act
Comerstone laying ceremony at Denver Public Library construction site, 1955 (Denver Public Library Western History Collection, X-28217)
Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act
Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act adopted by the Colorado Legislature establishes the state's first fair employment law for public employees and creates an Anti-Discrimination Division within the Colorado Industrial Commission.
(Act of March 29, 1951, 1951 Colo. Sess. Laws, Ch. 157, 531-39).
Denver school cafeteria workers, ca. 1950. (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, 2-3052)
Eart Mann, Fred Clement, T.S William and Big Ed Johnson (Denver Public Library, BCL collection Paul Stuart MSS. collection)
1976
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
Gunnison Gorge (courtesy Bureau of Land Management, Jerry Sintz)
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
Federal Land Policy and Management Act requires permits to use BLM Lands, triggering application of all federal environmental requirements.
(October 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2743).
Mcinnis Canyons National Conservation Area (courtesy Bureau of Land Management)
1996
Ban on Legislation for Gay Rights Prohibited
Jean Dubofsky, the attorney who fought the ban on gay rights legislation, speaks about the case
Jean Dubofsky arguing in the Colorado Supreme Court on May 25, 1993 against Colorado's ban on gay rights legislation (Denver Post)
Ban on Legislation for Gay Rights Prohibited
Ban on Legislation for Gay Rights Prohibited by Colorado and U.S. Supreme Court decisions.
Romer v. Evans, 882 P.2d 1335 (Colo. 1994), 517 U.S. 620 (1996).
John Miller, left, and Bob Bixler hold tight while listening to speeches against Amendment 2 Oct. 9, 1995, (AP Photo Tyler Mallory)
Gale Norton, Colorado Attorney General, outside the U.S. Supreme Court October 1996, after arguing in favor of Amendment 2 (TIM SLOAN/AFP/Getty Images)
2002
Land Grant Rights Upheld
A portrait of Casimiro Barela's family, in front of his home near Trinidad (Auraria Library and the Center for Colorado and the West)
Land Grant Rights Upheld
Land Grant Rights Upheld by the Colorado Supreme Court for timber, firewood, and grazing use on Sangre de Cristo Land Grant by descendants of original settlers.
Lobato v. Taylor, 71 P.3d 938 (Colo. 2002).
The Córdova family in front of their house in Las Córdovas, near El Moro (Auraria Library and the Center for Colorado and the West)
A map of the Mexican land grants (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection)